Understanding the new realities of international trade is a must for anyone who seeks to succeed in their performance as an entrepreneur or as a foreign trade professional.

It is also so for those who train specialists in the difficult task of advising those who produce exportable goods and services, both in the private and public sectors of a country.

It must be likewise for those institutions that play a role in the training of new specialists, or in the adaptation of existing ones to the new realities that are becoming increasingly more evident.

Training international trade experts is something that requires knowledge of what is needed to succeed. This is more achievable if the institutions that provide the training of technical cadres for work in international trade have a close relationship with those who employ them.

In international trade, the interaction between information, diagnostics, thought and action is essential to align the training of human resources with the operations of an international insertion that is functional to the specific interests of a company and, at the same time, adapted to the realities of the world.

Today's densely populated world, characterized by cultural and technological diversity, generates scenarios of greater uncertainty. It presents a picture with new realities in international trade and, most importantly, the need to understand these fully in order to successfully harness them.

Understanding these new realities is therefore a must for those who seek to succeed in their performance as entrepreneurs or foreign trade professionals. It is also a necessity for those who devote their time to train specialists in the difficult task of advising the producers of exportable goods and services, both in the private and public sectors of a country.

It should also be a priority for the institutions that strive to play a role in the training of new international trade specialists, or in helping the existing ones adapt to the new realities that are becoming increasingly evident.

These are roles which should be aimed precisely at developing human resources that are able to understand the changes that are taking place in the real world.

These changes must be approached from the perspective of the impact that they have on the needs of specific countries and, therefore, on their resources, capacities and abilities to compete, even at the regional level and, above all, at global level.

They require the adoption of policies and methods of joint work with those who undertake similar tasks at the national and local levels, but also in countries that, as part of the same region, have shared international trade interests, as is the case, for example, of the Latin American countries.

The realities of international trade require, especially of those who perform advisory functions, the ability to understand factors that may influence, both in the short and med- term, the success of decisions related to specific operations.

Above all, they demand an understanding of the underlying trends that can be identified, in a long-term perspective, of the possible effects of the decisions that may eventually be adopted.

This turns the task of advising the protagonists of international trade into a permanent one, since experience shows that changes can be continuous. "They didn't see it coming" is an unwelcome expression for those who advise decision-makers on how to define and, above all, how to make investments that may have an impact on the development of a country's foreign trade.

Training specialists in international trade is a task that requires a clear understanding of what is needed in order to succeed. This is more likely to be achieved if the institutions that provide the training of technical cadres for work in international trade have a close relationship with the employers, either through those who instruct the participants in their training activities, or through the institutional areas that lead the training.

In international trade, the interaction between information, diagnosis, thought and action is essential to align the training of human resources with the operational aspects of an international insertion that is functional to the specific interests of a company.

Achieving an effective interaction between those who operate in the field and those who perform the analysis and diagnosis becomes crucial for achieving the essential elements for the success of any given company in international trade, especially in a world with multiple actors, marked diversities and in a continuous process of change. Obviously this is increasingly the case of Latin American firms, especially those that are beginning their experience in developing trade with countries of other regions.

Lecturas recomendadas:

• Aguiar Patriota, Antonio de, "Democratizar as Relacoes Internacionais", Revista CEBRI, Ano I/N° 3/Jul.Set 2022, Rio de Janeiro 2022.
  
• Arima, Jun, "Balancing geopolitics and energy security with decarbonization", East Asia Forum, September 15, 2022, www.eastasiaforum.org.
  
• Deepak, B.R., "India rethinks ties with China", East Asia Forum, September 12, 2022, www.eastasiaforum.org.
  
• Jaishankar, S, "The India Way. Strategies for an Uncertain World", HarperCollins Publishers India, Noidar, Uttar Pradesh 2020.
  
• Hansen, Valerie, "The Silk Road. A New History", Oxford University Press, Oxford-New York 2012.
  
• Hansen, Valerie, "The Year 1000. When Explorers Connected the World - and Globalization Began", Penguin Books Random House, 2020,
  
• Hillman, Jonathan E. "The Digital Silk Road. China's Quest to Wire the World and Win the Future", Profile Books, London 2021.
  
• INTAL-BID, "Informe Mercosur N° 25: El devenir del Mercosur. Claves internas y externas", Buenos Aires 2022.
  
• INTAL-BID, "Informe de la Comunidad Andina: "En la búsqueda de convergencia", Nota Técnica N° IDB-TN-2490, Buenos Aires 2022.
  
• Koga, Kei, "Indo-Pacific vision that promised peace and prosperity", East Asia Forum, September 9, 2022, www.eastasiaforum,org.
  
• Lagorio, Ricardo E, "Un mundo híbrido donde conviven el Leviatán y el algoritmo", Newspaper La Nación, Opinión, Septiembre 27, 2022, página 29.
  
• Leiva Lavalle, Patricio (editor), "Surgimiento de un mundo nuevo", Universidad Miguel de Cervantes - XV Ciclo de Conferencias 2020-21, Instituto Latinoamericano de Relaciones Internacionales, Santiago de Chile 2021.
  
• López, Andrés y otros (compiladores), "Nuevos Sectores Productivos en la Economía Argentina", EUDEBA, Buenos Aires 2021.
  
• Malacalza, Bernabé; Tokatlian, Juan Gabriel, "Argentina e Brasil: entre desintegracao e dissociação", Revista CEBRI, Ano 1/N°3/Jul.Sept. 2022, Río de Janeiro 2022.
  
• Moniz Bandeira, Luis Alberto, "El Desorden Mundial. Como la vocación imperial de Estados Unidos lleva al mundo a una crisis permanente", Prólogo de Mario Rapoport, Capital Intelectual, Buenos Aires 2022.
  
• Nofal, Beatriz, "Argentina y Brasil, un camino de integración para la democracia y el desarrollo", Suplemento Comercio Exterior, La Nación, Septiembre 29, 2022, página. 3.
  
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• Peña, Félix, "Por qué hoy es muy importante actualizar la formación en comercio exterior". Suplemento Comercio Exterior, La Nación, Septiembre 15, 2022, página 3.
  
• Reid, Michael, "Brazil the Troubled Rise of a Global Power", Yale University Press, New Haven - London 2014.
  
• Reid, Michael, "Forgotten Continent. A History of the New Latin America", Yale University Press, New Haven - London 2017.
  
• Ricketts, Peter, "Hard Choices. The Making and Unmaking of Global Britain", Atlantic Books, London 2021.
  
• Rodrik, Dani; Walt, Stephen M., "How to Build a Better Order Limiting Great Power Rivalry in an Anarchical World", Foreign Affairs, September/October 2022.
  
• Shivsankar Menon, "India and Asian Geopolitics. The Past, Present", Brookings Institution Press. Washington D.C, 2021.
  
• Smith, Sheila A., "Japan doubles down on defending the post-war order". East Asia Forum, September 3, 2022, www.eastasiaforum.org.
  
• Urata, Shujiro, "Re-invigorating the international trade system", East Asia Forum, September 7, 2022, www.eastasiaforum.org.
  
• Zarakol, Ayse (editor), "Hierarchies in World Politics", Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2017.
  
• Zarakol, Ayse, "Before the West. The Rise and Fall of Eastern World Orders", Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2022.